{"id":637,"date":"2026-06-09T14:19:25","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T14:19:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simonaleroy.com\/fr\/?p=637"},"modified":"2026-06-09T14:19:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T14:19:25","slug":"competences-ocde-2030","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.simonaleroy.com\/fr\/competences-ocde-2030","title":{"rendered":"Les comp\u00e9tences de l’OCDE pour 2030 : naviguer vers l’avenir"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Infographie<\/figure>\n\n\n

En 2019, l’OCDE a lanc\u00e9 le projet Learning Compass 2030<\/strong> : un cadre international pour d\u00e9finir les comp\u00e9tences que les apprenants doivent d\u00e9velopper aujourd’hui pour bien vivre demain. Pas dans cinquante ans. D\u00e8s maintenant.<\/p>\n\n\n

Pourquoi ce cadre est pr\u00e9cieux ? Parce qu’il a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es de dizaines de pays et nourri par les avis d’enseignants, d’\u00e9l\u00e8ves, de chercheurs et d’employeurs. Il dit clairement ce qui compte<\/strong>, et tout aussi clairement ce qui ne suffit plus.<\/p>\n\n\n

Les trois piliers des comp\u00e9tences<\/h2>\n\n\n

L’OCDE structure les comp\u00e9tences en trois familles compl\u00e9mentaires :<\/p>\n\n\n

\ud83e\udde0 Cognitives et m\u00e9tacognitives<\/h3>\n\n\n

La pens\u00e9e critique, la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9, la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre des probl\u00e8mes complexes, et \u2014 surtout \u2014 la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 apprendre \u00e0 apprendre<\/strong>. C’est la comp\u00e9tence-m\u00e8re : sans elle, toutes les autres deviennent obsol\u00e8tes en quelques ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n

\ud83e\udd1d Sociales et \u00e9motionnelles<\/h3>\n\n\n

L’empathie, la collaboration, la responsabilit\u00e9, la gestion des \u00e9motions. Longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des \u00ab soft skills \u00bb accessoires, elles sont devenues centrales dans des environnements de travail diversifi\u00e9s et incertains.<\/p>\n\n\n

\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Physiques et pratiques<\/h3>\n\n\n

La ma\u00eetrise des outils num\u00e9riques, la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 manuelle, l’expression par les arts et le sport. L’OCDE rappelle que ces comp\u00e9tences ne sont pas le luxe d’apr\u00e8s-classe : elles consolident les apprentissages cognitifs.<\/p>\n\n\n

Donn\u00e9e frappante : les \u00e9l\u00e8ves qui suivent un cursus artistique int\u00e9gr\u00e9<\/strong> ont jusqu’\u00e0 77 % de chances suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/strong> de r\u00e9ussir leurs \u00e9valuations acad\u00e9miques. L’art n’est pas un loisir, c’est un levier d’apprentissage.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n\n\n

L’humain face \u00e0 l’IA : ce que la machine ne fait pas<\/h2>\n\n\n

L’IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative bouscule beaucoup de nos certitudes. L’OCDE pose une question simple : qu’est-ce que l’humain fait mieux qu’elle ?<\/em> Deux r\u00e9ponses.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
  • L’humain g\u00e8re l’incertitude.<\/strong> Contrairement aux machines, les humains peuvent adapter leurs croyances et agir dans des contextes ambigus, contradictoires, ou nouveaux. L’IA optimise dans un cadre donn\u00e9 ; l’humain change le cadre.<\/li>\n\n\n
  • L’humain apprend toute sa vie.<\/strong> Les comp\u00e9tences techniques deviennent obsol\u00e8tes en 3 \u00e0 5 ans. Seules la curiosit\u00e9, l’adaptabilit\u00e9 et le go\u00fbt d’apprendre restent durables. C’est l’\u00e9pine dorsale de l’employabilit\u00e9 de demain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
    \n\n\n

    Le march\u00e9 du travail bascule<\/h2>\n\n\n

    L’OCDE distingue deux grandes cat\u00e9gories de t\u00e2ches, et leurs trajectoires sont oppos\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udcc9 T\u00e2ches routini\u00e8res \u2014 en forte baisse<\/h3>\n\n\n

    Calculs r\u00e9p\u00e9titifs, tri, saisie, v\u00e9rifications proc\u00e9durales. Ces t\u00e2ches sont les premi\u00e8res automatisables. Les comp\u00e9tences-cl\u00e9s qui restent dans ce secteur sont l’automatisation<\/strong> et le code informatique<\/strong> \u2014 c’est-\u00e0-dire, savoir construire les outils qui remplacent les t\u00e2ches routini\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udcc8 T\u00e2ches non-routini\u00e8res analytiques et interpersonnelles \u2014 en forte hausse<\/h3>\n\n\n

    Diagnostic, conception, n\u00e9gociation, accompagnement, conseil, cr\u00e9ation. Ces t\u00e2ches r\u00e9sistent \u00e0 l’automatisation parce qu’elles exigent une combinaison fine de cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9, pens\u00e9e critique, empathie, communication et collaboration<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Autrement dit : les emplois de demain demanderont moins de mains ex\u00e9cutantes et plus de t\u00eates pensantes capables de coop\u00e9rer.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n\n\n

    Ce que \u00e7a change concr\u00e8tement<\/h2>\n\n\n

    Pour un parent :<\/strong> arr\u00eatez de demander \u00e0 votre enfant uniquement \u00ab tu as eu combien en maths ? \u00bb. Demandez aussi \u00ab qu’est-ce que tu as appris \u00e0 faire avec les autres cette semaine ? \u00bb et \u00ab qu’est-ce qui t’a rendu curieux ? \u00bb. Ce sont ces dimensions qui pr\u00e9pareront son avenir.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Pour un \u00e9l\u00e8ve ou un \u00e9tudiant :<\/strong> investissez du temps dans les comp\u00e9tences transversales<\/em> en parall\u00e8le de votre mati\u00e8re principale. Lecture critique, expression orale, travail en groupe, projets concrets. Elles ne paieront pas la prochaine note, elles paieront vos vingt prochaines ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n

    Pour un autodidacte :<\/strong> alternez sujets pointus et sujets transversaux. Les outils num\u00e9riques et l’IA ne vous remplaceront jamais si vous restez la personne qui sait poser les bonnes questions<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n\n\n

    Le cadre OCDE 2030 n’est pas une pr\u00e9diction. C’est une boussole<\/strong>. Elle ne dit pas o\u00f9 vous arriverez. Elle dit dans quelle direction marcher pour ne pas tourner en rond.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    L’OCDE a identifi\u00e9 les comp\u00e9tences-cl\u00e9s pour r\u00e9ussir dans le monde de 2030. Trois piliers, deux tendances majeures du march\u00e9 du travail, et un constat : c’est l’humain qui g\u00e8re le mieux l’incertitude.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":636,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[56,53,59,55,54],"class_list":["post-637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-competences-2040","tag-public-autodidactes","tag-public-eleves","tag-public-enseignants","tag-public-etudiants","tag-public-parents"],"yoast_head":"\nComp\u00e9tences du futur : le r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel OCDE 2030<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comp\u00e9tences du futur : l'OCDE a identifi\u00e9 les capacit\u00e9s-cl\u00e9s pour r\u00e9ussir en 2030. 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